Communicating with the real world (escaping the sandbox)?

Is there any way to write code in Minecraft that communicates with the outside world? Some rough ideas of what I have in mind include:

• connect to a weather API and set the world's weather to the real weather
• log certain in-game events to a spreadsheet for data collection
• control external devices such as micro:bits or robots through in-world controls or events

I haven't found a way to do this (though might have missed something) - there are a heap of possibilities for it...